Apparatus for making metal wool and shavings



R. l. SCHONITZER.

APPARATUS VFOR MAKING METAL WOOL AND SHAVINGS.

APPL1CAT10N FILED /1P11{16,1 91:1.v

5 SHEETS-SHEET l.

R. I. SCHONITZER.

APPARATUS FORl MAKING METAL` WOOL AND SHAVINGS.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 16., 1919.

imam@ Mmmm 13, ma

5 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

R. I. SCHONITZER. APPARATUS FOR MAKING METAL WOOL AND SHAVINGS.

APPLICATION FILED APR. I6, I9I9.

L41 @Aygo Patented June IIS, 1922.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

R. I. SCHONITZER.

APPARATUS FOR MAKING METAL WOOL AND SHAVINGS.

APPLICATION FILED APR. I6. 1919.

194ML 9947@ l Patented June 13, 19222.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

www 4 RI I. SCHONITZER.

APPARATUS FOR MAKING METAL WOOL AND SHAVINGS.

APPLICATION FILED APR. I6. 1913.

L@ 9&7@ Patented me I Ilzg 5 SHEETS-SHEET narran stares PATENT @FFHCIEORUDOLPH I. SCHONITZER, OF SPRINGFIELD, OHIO, ASSIGNOR T0 SCIENTIFICSTEEL WOOL COMPANY, OF OWENSBORO, KENTLUCKY, A CORPORATION OF DELAWARE.

APPARATUS FOR MAKING METAL WOOL AND SI'IAVINGS.

Application led April 16,

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, RUDOLPH I. SoHorrlT- ZER,a citizen of the United States, residing at Springfield, in the countyof Clark and State of Ohio, have invented new and useful Improvements inApparatus for Making Metal Wool and Shavings, of which the following isa specification.

This invention relates to the production of the so-called metal wool orsteel wool and shavings, and has for its object to provrde certain newand useful improvements, as will be hereinafter more fully described,shown in the accompanying drawings, and part1cularly pointed out in theappended claims, .1t of course being understood that changes 1n theform, proportion, size and minor detalls may be made, within the scopeof the claims, without departing from the spirit or sacrificing any ofthe advantages of the invention.

Figure 1 is a central vertical sectional view of a metal wool machineembodying the features of the presentinvention, the work carrying chuckbeing shown in elevation Figure Q is a vertical central sectional viewof the work driver and work holding chuck on an enlarged scale;

Figure 3 is a top plan view of Figure 3, the adjusting hand wheel beingbroken away;

Figure 4 is a sectional elevation of one of the cutter holders andfeeders on an enlarged scale;

Figure 5 is the side elevation of the lowerl half of Figure 4, lookingat the right hand side thereof;

Figure 6 is a fragmentary elevation of the bottom portion of Figure 4.looking at the left hand side thereof, parts being broken away to showthe adjustable mounting of the gage foot;

.Figure 7 is a detaiVsectional view on line 7 7 of Figure 5;

Figure 8 is a detail plan section 011 the line 8 8 of Figure 5;

Figure 9 is a detail sectional view on the line 9 9 of Figure 4,

Figure 1() is a fragmentary elevation, on an enlarged scale,illustrating the operation of successive cutters.

rl`he embodiment of my invention shown in the accompanying drawingsincludes a work holder and driver A rotating in a substantiallyhorizontal plane. mounted upon a support B, preferably in the form of anupright Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented J une 113 1922,.

MSHEHSSUU .tool holder supports the tool in cooperative relation withthe upper edge of the cylindrical work-piece, the tool being stationaryand the Work piece being rotated, whereby strands or shavings are cutfrom the upper edge of the work-piece.' It will here be explained thatthe cutting operation is continuous, in the sense that the work-piece isrotated continuously in the same direction and the cuttingtool isautomatically fed towards the workieee so as to always remain in cuttingre ation thereto as the length or height of the. work-piece diminishesunder the cutting or shaving action of the cutter. It will of course beunderstood that a plurality of cutter holders and feeders are employed,and arranged in a circular series. Each holder and feeder is entirelyindependent of each of the other holders and'feeders, as will behereinafter more fully described.

For the support of the apparatus, I preferably construct a masonryfoundation 1, the top of which is at the floor level 2. Within thefoundation is a pit 3, and within the bottom of the pit is embedded abase member 4, preferably of wood. The diameter of the base member 4 isless than the diameter of the pit so as to leave an annular space 5 fora gurpose as will be hereinafter described.

ising centrally from the top of the base 4 is the standard B, the bottomof which is rigidly secured within a base flange 6 suitably secured tothe top of the base 4, as by fastenings 7'. It will be noted that thesupport or standard B rises a suitable distance above the open top ofthe pit. Surrounding and overhanging the open top of the pit is a baseplate 8 provided with a concentric opening 9 of a diameter large enoughto permit of the downward introduction therethrough of the base flange6.Y Upon the top of the base plate 8 is a supporting ring 10 securedthereto by suitable fasteningsll. lVithin the ring 10 is a rotatinghanger 12 of substantially cylindrical shape, provided at its upper edgewith an external depend- .ing cylindrical flange 13 constituting theupper member of a bearing, the lowervmember 14 ,of which 1s providedupon thering 10. Suitable antl-friction devices 15 are pro- I videdbetween the bearing members '13 and 14, thereby constituting; a`thrust-bearing. If desired, a dust-excludlng packing 16 may be providedbetween the bearing members 13 and 14. Hung from the hanger 12 is acylindrical hub 17 concentric with the standard' B and provided at itslower end with a driving wheel 18 to which power may be applied in anysuitable manner. `As shown in the drawings,..the driving wheel 18 is ofconical form and. power is applied thereto by another conical wheel 19mounted upon a shaft 20, extending transversely outward through a tunnelor opening 21 formed through the foundation 1. This tunnel also servesas a means of access to the pit 3 for purposes of mounting the apparatusand lforpurposes of general inspection and repairs. While toothedgearing may be employed, a friction drive' is preferred, as shown in thedrawing. Topl and bottom anti-friction annular bearings 22 and 23. areemployed between the hub 17 and the standard B, a suitable spacingsleeve 24 being einployed to maintain the bearings 22 and 23 spaced atthe desired distance. The hub 17 and the driving wheel 18 are ofrelatively massive construction in order to operate as a counterbalancefor the heayy construction which rotates about the upper portion of thepost or standard B.

Disposed above the hanger 12 is a ring 25 supported by a pluralityofupstanding arms 26 rising from the hanger 12. At suitable intervalsaround the ring 25 there are set screws 27 which pierce upstandingprojections 28 on the ring, and are designed to engage the exterior ofthe work-piece D. rllhe set screws 27 are not intended as the solesupport of the weight of theJ work-piece D',

as the latter is otherwise supported, aswill be hereinafter explained.-The main purpose of the set screws 27 is to afford a driving connectionbetween the work-piece D and the driving ring or member 25, whereby thework-piece is rotated concentrically about the post or standard B.

' At a suitable distance above the sleeve 24' there is an externallyscrew-threaded sleeve 29, and between the bearing 22 and the threadedsleeve 29 is a spacing sleeve 30. The sleeve 29 is iixed againstrotation upon the post or standard 'B by means of suitable pins or keys31 extending through notches in the bottom of the sleeve' 29 andentering openings in the post `or standard B. A nut 32 is mounted uponthe threaded portion of the sleeve 29, and is provided on its upper facewith an annular raceway containing anti-friction devices 33. A suitablebearing member 34, in the form of a ring, is support ed upon theanti-friction devices 33 and is capable of rotating upon the nut 32.Upwardly extending and outwardly diverging arms 35 rise from the` nut 32and carry at segments 39 radially outward into engage- 130 turning thenut 32, so as to work the latter up and down upon the post or standardB. Arms 37 extend upwardly and outwardly from the rotatable bearingmember 34 and carry at their upper ends a ring 38. Supported upon thering 38 is a series of vsegments 39, each of which is provided upon itsouter convex end with an upright ange 40 extending above and below thesegment. Each segment is provided with inner and outer slots 41 and 42receiving headed studs 43 and 44 rising from the ring 38. The studs 43and 44 guide the segment 39 during the adjustment thereof which isradial to the post or standard B, and the ends of the slots 41 and 42limit the movement of the segment in opposite directions. A pair ofhelical springs 45 have their outer ends connected, y

the segment it will be automatically drawninwardly so as to relieve thepressure of its flange portion 4() from the inner wall of the work-pieceD.

It will here be explained that the series of segments 39 constitute acentering device for centering the work-piece D within A`the, drivingelement 25 and also to bring the work-piece to true cylindrical form`For the purpose of. forcibly moving the series of segments 39 radiallyoutward, there is provided a nut 47 mounted upon the threadedupper'portion 47 of the post or standard B. -rI his threaded portion ofthe post is of'reduced diameter and extends a suitable distance into theopen upper end of the screw-threaded sleeve 29, whereby an annu-v larspace 48 is provided and into which the lower end portion of the nut 47may descend when the latter is adjusted downwardly. On the top of thenut 47 is secured a hand wheel 49 for convenience in adjusting the nut.A wedge shaped or downwardly tapered sleeve 50 embraces and is carriedby the upper portion of the nut 47, the outer or tapering face of thesleeve fitting within the hub porti-ons 51 at the inner ends of thesegments 39, e f'aces of which are inclined in accordance ith theinclination of the exterior of the cone or wedge 50. The cone 50 is\hungupon the upper end portion of the nut\ 47 in any suitable manner, forinstance, as shown in the drawings. It will now be understood that thenut 47 may rotate within the cone or wedge 50, whereby the latter willbe moved upwardly and downwardly without rotation. Downward movement ofthe wedge 50 will force the ment with the inner periphery of the tubularwork-piece D, while upward movement of the cone or wedge 50 will resultin releasing the segments-30 so as to permit of the vlatter being drawninwardly and out of enout interference by the internal chuck. Pre- Yparatory to placing the work-piece D within the drivingxelement 25,pieces of wire, chips or the like, are placed upon thev top 'of themember 25 so as to temporarily support the'work-piece out of engagementwith the top of the ring 25. After the workpiece has been thus put inplace, the hand wheel 36 is manipulated to move the internal chuck"upwardly and into the tubular workypiece D, whereupon the hand wheel 49is manipulated to move the wedge 5() downwardly and expand the chuckuntil the workpiece D is snugly gripped and supported by the chuck andalso brought into true circular form. When this is done the set screws27 are set up tightly against the work-piece D and the pieces of wire,are removed from beneath the work-piece D. By temporarily supporting thework-piece D above and out of contact with the driving ring 25, saidwork-piece D is relatively loose and in condition to conform itself tothe circular shape of` the internal chuck without interference on thepart of the driving ring 25. The work-piece having thus been gripped bythechuck and connection made between the driving member 25 and lthework-piece D by means of the set screws 27, the work-piece may berotated by applying power to the driving wheel 18, as motion istranslated therefrom through the hub 17, the hanger 12 and the arms 26.

As hereinbefore set forth, a series of cutter holders and feeders C aredisposed above and in'cooperative relation with the upper edge of thework-piecex D. As these cutter holders and feeders are duplicates inconstruction, mounting and manner of operation, a detailed description'of one of them is deemed suflicient. Each cutter holder and feeder isdisposed above the work-piece D, is capable of gravitating intocooperative relation therewith and is hungfrom the bottom of a suitabletank or reservoir 56, supported upon standards 54 rising from the baseplate 8 to which said standards arev boltedor otherwise secured. Thistank or reservoir is designed vto contain fluid under chips or the likein the manner as will be hereinafter described.

Each cutter holder and feeder includes a cylinder 55 surmounted by avalve casing 56 which is hung from the bottom of the tank 53 by means ofa short pipe section 57. The valvestem 58 ofthe valve 56 is accessibleat the exterior of the casing 56 for convenience in opening and closingthe valve thereof. Working within the cylinder 55 is a rod 59 providedupon its upper end with a suitable piston 60 working in the cylinder 55and subject to pressure admitted into the upper end of the cylinderthrough the valve casing 56 and from the-tank or reservoir 53.

The rod 59 projects a suitable distance below the cylinder 55 and isguided in a tubular guide member 61 hun from the lower end of thecylinder 55. n inverted substantially U-shaped yoke 62 is hung from thelower end of the rod 59, which projects through the open bottom of theguide 61. The inner sides of the upright arms of the yoke 62 areprovided with guideways 63 in which works a cross head 64 havingdepending arms 65 which also work in the guide ways 63 and projectthrough the open bot toms thereof. Between the cross head 64 and thebottoni of the rod 59 is an adjusting member 66 provided with ascrew-threaded stem 67 extending into a screw-threaded socket in thebottom of the rod 59.l A stud 68 depends centrally from the member 66and is provided with a circular head 69 rotatably received within aflanged notch or seat 70 1n the top of the cross head 64. By rotatingthe member 66, which is accessible at the opposite open sides of theyoke 62, the cross-head 64 may be raised and lowered.

vUpstanding finger pins 71 may be provided upon the member 66 forconvenience in manipulating the same. Carried by and extending betweenthe farms 65 is a cross-bar 72 that is embraced by a clamp 73 having acutter holder 74 at its lower end. rllhe clamp 73 may be adjustedlengthwise lof the cross-bar 72, and also rotatably adjusted thereon soas to bring the cutter holder into any desired position. The cutter 75is held in a seat or guideway in the lower portion of the holder 74 andis adjustable endwise therethrough. A suitable clamping screw 76 isemployed for holding the cutter when set to any adjusted position. rlhecutter 75 is a flat "bar having a chisel edge 77 at itsv forward andlower end which is in co- A be placed endwise through the bifurcationand into engagement with the opposite arm 65, the latter heilig providedwith a noncircular seat or socket 78 to receive the similarly shaped endportion 79 of the bar 72, whereby the latter is held against rotation. Aclamping screw 8() is employed to draw together the sides of thebifurcated arm so as to clamp the same upon the bar 72 and hold itfirmly in place.

Disposed in front of the cutter 75 there is a gage member whichpreferably includes a roller 8l to travel upon the top edge of thework-piece D, and carried in a forked arm 82 depending from the lowerend of a substantially l.shaped bracket 83, secured to the rod 59 at apoint between the bottom of the guide 6l and the yoke 62. rl `he foot orroller 81 is adjustable transversely of the cutter by means of a handwheel 84 on a screw-threaded stem 85 having a swiveled connection 86with the upper portion of the arm 82, which is mounted to slide in aguide-way in the lower end of the bracket 83. It will here be explainedthat the bracket 83 and foot 81 are fixed upon the rod 59 againstmovement longitudinally on said rod, while the cutter holder 74 isadjustable vertically for the purpose of obtaining any desired depth ofcut, in order to produce the different desired gages of steel wool. Inorder that any predetermined depth of cut may be obtained in accordancewith the desired gage of steel wool to be produced, the body of theadjusting member 66 is circular in form and provided on its peripheraledge with a scale, as best shown in Figure 5 of the drawings, and incooperative relation with the scale is a pointer or index 87 carried bya bracket 88 secured to the cross head 64.

In the operation of the imachine or apparatus, the hand wheel 36 ismanipulated to feed the nut or member 32 downwardly until the hand wheel49 is below the top of the driving member 25, whereupon the tubular workpiece D may be introduced sidewise between the driving member and theseries of shaving cutters, and into operative position. The hand wheel86 is then manipulated to feed the nut 32 upwardlyv and thereby bringthe internal chuck upwardly and into the tubular work piece at anydesired position therein. The hand wheel 49 is then manipulated to screwdownwardly the nut 47 -and thereby force outwardly the chuck members 39into engagement with the interior walls of the work piece, whereby thelatter will be brought to true circular form and also held rigidly uponthe chuck. The set screws 27 are then set up tightly against the worksimple and eflicient manner.

cutter holders may be forced upwardly, a relief valve 89 is provided inthe upper portion of each cylinder so that by opening the valve. acommunication is established between the interior of the upper portionof the cylinder 55 and the atmosphere so as to permit of the escape ofair from the cylinder when the cutter is pushed upwardly. After havingthus been pushed upwardly to its upper limit, the cutter will remain inits elevated position until again brought down by hand into engagementwith the upper edge of the work piece. Before bringing the shavingcutter into 'engagement with the work piece, it is adjusted verticallyby manipulation of the member 66 until the cutter has been brought tothe proper position, with respect to the gage 81, to give the desireddepth of cut. After this adjustment has been made and the cutter broughtdown into operative relation to the work piece, fluid pressure isadmitted into the upper end .of the cylinder so as to place the desiredpressure upon the shaving cutter 75, whereby the cutter is forced downinto the work piece as far as will be permitted by the gage 81when itcomes into contact with the upper edge of the work piece. llhe gage 8ltravels upon the top edge of the work piece and thereby limits andaccurately gages the depth of the cut of the shaving cutter 75 in a veryWhen the several cutters have been adjusted and brought into operativeposition with respect to the work piece D, power is applied to thedriving wheel 18, whereby the work piece D will be rotated and shavingswill be cut lfrom the top edge of the rotating work in the manner asclearly shown in Figure 10 of the drawings. It will here' be explainedthat the successive shaving cutters are set or adjusted in progressiverelation, which relation is maintained by reason of the pressure uponthe cutters and the fact that the gage members 81 are in engagement withthe top edge of the work piece. The rotation of the work piece iscontinued until the work piece has been reduced to the point where thecutters are adjacent the top of the flange 40 of the in ternal chuckv`whereupon the driving operation is stopped, the internal chuck isreleased from lthe work piece by manipula` tion of the hand wheel 49,and then the hand wheel 36/is manipulated to feed the internal chuckdownwardly to a lower position within the tubular work piece, and thenthe hand wheel 49 is. manipulated in the opposite direction to set thechuck members 39 tightly against the work piece. After this adjustmentof the internal chuck, operation of the machine is resumed until thework piece has been reduced as far as it is desired to go.

It will here be explained that I employ a truly circular singlethickness tubular work piece as distinguished from a tubular work piecewound in spiral laminations. One of the important advantages of a trulycylindrical tubular work piece is that the cutting edge of the shavingcutter' is maintained in the most effective cutting relation to the workwithout requiring any automatic adjusting or shifting of the cutterduring the operation of the machine.

It will further be explained that each cutter rod 59 is slidable in andguided by the uide member 61, and is capable of gravitating so as tobring the cutter 75 into cutting relation with the top edge of thework-piece D. -For some grades of metal wool and shavings, the weight ofthe cutter bar 59 and associated parts is alone sufficient to maintainthe cutter in cutting relation with the work-piece. For other grades ofwool and shavings and under certain conditions, additional pressure maybe applied to the cutter through the cutter bar 59, as for instance byapplying fluid pressure to the upper end of the cutter bar 59 in themanner hereinbefore described.

Vhile the fluid pressure is employed to maintain a downward pressureupon the shaving cutters, said fluid pressure will also permit yieldingof the cutter to any uneven places in the upper edge of the work piece,and it will also permit the cutters to yield and accommodate themselvesto any wobbling motion of the work piece which must of necessity occur,-as it is impossible to produce and maintain an accurate rotation of thework piece. Moreover the use of fluid pressure for maintaining the workand cutters in cooperative relation is of course not limited to anyparticular shape of work piece.

lVhat l claim is:

l. An apparatus for making metal wool and shavings, including a workholder, a plurality of cutters in cooperative relation with the workholder, means for individually gaging the depths of the cuts of thecutters. and means for automatically and individually maintaining thecutters and work holder in their original cooperative cutting relationsthroughout the cutting operation.

Q. An apparatus for making metal wool and shavings including a workholder. a plurality of cutters disposed above and in cooperativerelation with the work holder, and means for individually gaging thedepth of the cut of each cutter, each cutter capable of gravitatin,(towards the work holder independently of the other cutters foralltomatically maintaining each cutter in its original cooperative.cutting relation with the work holder.

3. An apparatus for making metal wool and shavings including a workholder, a plurality of cutters inrcooperative relation with the workholder, means for individually gaging the depths of the cuts of thecutters, and means for feeding the cutters towards the work holder withan elastically yieldable feed.

t. An apparatus for making metal wool and shavings including a workholder, a plurality of cutters in cooperative relation with the workholder, means for individually gaging the depth of the cut of eachcutter, and means for independently feeding each cutter with anelastically yieldable feed.

5. An apparatus of the class described, including a, work-holder, aplurality of shaving cutters, means for effecting relative movementbetween the work-holder and cutters to cut shavings from a work-pieceand fluid pressure means -operating upon the cutters to maintain them inan elastically yieldable cutting relation with respect to theworlrholderyleach cutter having an individual valved connection with thesource of fluid pressure.

6. An apparatus of the class described, including a work-holder, aplurality of shaving cutters including cylinders and pistons, means foreffecting relative rmovement between the work-holder and cutters to cutshavings from a work-piece, and a source of fluid pressure, thecylinders having individual valved connections with the source of' fluidpressure.

7. An apparatus of the class described, including a work-holder, meansfor rotating the work-holder upon an upright axis, a circula-r series ofshaving cutters disposed above the work-holder and capable ofgravitating into cutting relation with the workholder.

S. An apparatus of the class described, including a work-holder, acutter disposed above the work-holder and capable of gravi- 110 tatinginto cutting relation therewith, and means to effect relative movementbetween the cutter and the work-holder to cut shavings from awork-piece.

9. An apparatus of the class described, 115 including a work-holder,means for rotating the work-holder on an upright axis, a fluid pressurereservoir disposed above the workholder, and a circular series ofcutters disposed above the work-holder. each cutter 120 being incommunication with the fluid-pressure reservoir and capable ofgravitating into cooperative relation with the workholder.

UtAn apparatus of the class described, 125 including a work holder.means for rotating the work holder on an upright axis, a circular seriesof cutters disposed above the work holder and capable of individuallygravitating into coopera-tive relation with the 130 work, a tluidpressure reservoir, and individual valvcd connections between thereservoir and the cutters.

ll. An apparatus of the class described, including a rotary Work-holderprovided with means for bringing a tubular workpiece into truecylindrical form, and a sha ving cutter disposed in position to havecutting engagement with one end ot a tubular work-piece held by theWork-holder.

l2. An apparatus ot' the class described, including a work-holderprovided with i'neans for bringing' a tubular work-piece into truecylindrical form, a shaving Glitter in cooperative relation with thework-holder, and means for effecting relative movement between thework-holder and the cutter for euttii'zg shavings from a workpiece heldby the work-holder.

13, An apparatus of the class described, including a work-holderprovided with an .internal chuck capable ot expansion in true circularform to bring a tubular work-piece inte cylindrical torm, a shavingcutter in cooperative relation with the workholder, and means forellrecting relative movement between the cutter and workholder to cutshavings from a workpiece held by the work-holder.

it. in apparatus oit the class described, including a work-holder havingan internal 4final; a rotary clriving member concentric with the chuckand provided with means for engaging awork--piece held by the chuck torthe work-piece and chuck, and a cooijierative relation with the workinapparatus of the class described, including a work-holder having aninternal chuck, a rotary driving member concentric with the chuck andjin'ovidcd with set screws vl'or engaging a work-piece held bythe chuckfor driving the ivrulepioce and chuck, and a cutter in cooperativerelation with the u'orlcholder,

16. in apparatus ot the class described, provided with a work-holderhaving an internal chuck including radially adjustable segments and awedge cooperating with the inner ends ci the segments, a rotary drivingmember concentric with the chuck and provided with means for engagementwith a worlcpiece held by the chuck, anda a shaving cutter incooperative relation with the chuck.

17, An apparatus of the class described, including a rotary work-bolder,va rotary work-driving member, and a shaving cutter, and means foreffecting adjustment or' the work-helder with respectto thework-drivingv member to accommodate the work-holding member to theworkpiece as its length diminishes under the action ot the cutter.

1S. An apparatus ot the class described, including a rotary Worlcholdertor engagement with one side of a work-piece, a rotary driving memberfor engagement with the opposite side of the work-piece, means foreffecting adjustment et one of'said members to accommodate said membervto the workpiece as the length of the work-piece diminishes under theaction of a cutter, and a cutter, in cooperative relation with theworkholder.

19. An apparatus of the class described, including a rotary internalwork-holding chuck, a rotary work-driving` member concentric with thechuck, a cutter in cooperative relation with the work-holding chuck, andmeans to effect adjustment of the chuck along its aXis of rotation toaccommodate the chuck to the diminishing length of the work-piece underthe action of the cutter.

20. An apparatus of the class described, including a support, amembercarried by -and adjustable longitudinally on the support, a rotatablework-holder carried by said member, a shaving cutter in cooperativerelation with the work-holder, and means to feed the cutter towards thework-holder.

2l. An apparatus of the class described, including a support having athreaded portion, a nut adjustable upon the treaded p0rtion ot thesupport, a rotary work-holder mounted upon and adjustable with the nut,a shaving cutter in cooperative relation With the work-holder, and meansfor feeding the cutter towards the work-holder.

22. An apparatus of the class described, including a support, a nutadjustable thereon, a rotary work-holder mounted upon andadjustable'with the nut and including radially adjustable work-engagingmeans, an adjusting wedge cooperating with the radi ally adjustablework-engaging means, movable longitudinally upon the support and alsorotatable thereon, a shaving cutter in cooperative relation with thework,- and mealns for feeding the cutter towards the wor t.

23. An apparatus ot the class described, including a support, a memberadjustable longitudinally on the support, a rotary work-holder mountedupon and adjustable with the said member and including radiallyadjustable work-engaging means, an adjusting cone cooperating with theradially adjustable Work-engaging means, a nut adjustable longitudinallyon the support and carrying the cone, said cone being rotatably mountedon the nut, a shaving cutter in eooperative relation with thework-holder, and means 'for feeding the cutter towards the work-holder.j

24. An apparatus ot the class described, including a support, a nutadjustable longitiulinally on the support, a work-holder rotatablymounted upon the nut and including' radially adjustable woi l-e1igagingmeans, a tubular cone embracing the support in cooperative relation withthe radially adjustable work-engaging means, a second nut adjustableupon the support and provided with a hand-wheel for adjustably rotatingthe nut, the cone being carried by the nut and rotatably mountedthereon, a shaving cutter in cooperative relation with the work-holder,and means for feeding the cutter towards the work-holder.

25. An apparatus of the class described, including a standard, awork-holder rotatably mounted upon the standard, a work-driving memberrotatable about the standard as an axis and supported independently ofthe standard, a driving element rotatably mounted upon the standard andconnected with the work-driving member for rotating the same, a shavingcutter in cooperative relation with the work-holder, and means forfeeding the cutter-towards the workholder.

26. An apparatus of the class described, includinga standard, a drivingmember rotatable upon the standard, an annular support around thestandard and independent thereof, a hanger for the driving member, saidhanger being rotatably mounted on the annular support, a rotatablework-driving member carried by the hanger, a workholder rotatable upontheq standard, a shaving cutter, and means for feeding the cuttertowards the work-holder.

27. ln an apparatus of the class described, the combination of astandard, a driving member rotatable upon the standard, an annularsupport surrounding the standard and independent thereof, a hangercarrying the driving member and rotatably mounted on the support, awork-driving ring disposed above and carried by the hanger, a rotatablework-holder mounted upon the standard and adjustable longitudinallythereon, a shaving cutter in cooperative relation with the work-holder,and means for feeding the cutter towards the work-holder.

28. In an apparatus of the class described, the combination of astandard, a driving member rotatable upon the standard, a work drivingmember concentric with the standard and driven by the driving member, arotatable work-holder mounted upon the standard, a fluid-pressurereservoir mounted above the work-holder and a shaving cutter incooperative relation with the work-holder and in communication with thefluid pressure reservoir for maintaining an elastically yieldablefeeding pressure upon the cutter.

29. In an apparatus of the class described, the combination of astandard, a driving member rotatable thereon, a work-driving memberconcentriewith the standard and driven by the driving member, arotatable work-holder mounted uponthe standard, a fluid pressurereservoir above the workholder, and a circular series of shaving cuttersin cooperative relation with the work-holder, each cutter being incommunication with the iiuid pressure reservoir for maintaining anelastically yieldable feeding pressure upon the cutter.

30. ln an apparatus of the class described, the combination of a pit, astandard rising from the bottom of the pit and extending above the topthereof, a driving member rotatable upon the standard and within thepit, an annular support at the mouth of the pit and independent of thestandard, a hanger rotatable upon the support and carrying the drivingmember, arms rising from the rotatable hanger, a work-driving ringcarried by the arms, a rotatable work-holder mounted upon the standard,and a shaving cutter in cooperative relation with the workholder.

.31. In an apparatus of the class described, the combination of astandard, a driving member rotatable upon the lower portion of thestandard, a rotatable work-holder mounted upon the upper portion of thestandard and driven from the driving member, the driving memberconstituting a counterbalance for the work-holder, and a shaving cutterin cooperative relation with the work-holder.

32. In an apparatus of the class described, the combination of astandard, a driving member rotatable upon the lower portion of thestandard, an annular support surrounding the standard, a hangerrotatable upon the support and carrying the driving member, awork-driving member above and carried by the hanger, a rotatablework-holder mounted upon an upper portion of the standard, the drivingmember and the workholder being proportioned to counterbalance oneanother, and a shaving cutter in cooperative relation with thework-holder.

RUDOLPH SCHONITZER.

